Saving other countries, but who saves us - 1086 Words

The conflict in Libya has become a topic of debate in America today due to Muammar Gaddafi’s impetuous outlook on his people and the destruction of the Libyan civilization. Accompanied by his malicious regime he showers terror in the hearts of the Libyan race. The U.S. continuously wants to play the role of world police. It’s not okay to always jump in every time there’s a conflict involving other countries turmoil and violent affairs. The U.S. has its own conflicts in our own countries economy and structure. Even though I don’t agree with what’s currently going on in Libya. I do believe there are sufficient times when the United States should get involved. When there massacre of innocent women and children. The unwillingness of the†¦show more content†¦President Obama was clear in his intentions about why he decided to intervene in Libya due to the chaos, Obama states, â€Å"We knew that if we waited one more day, Benghazi – a cit y nearly the size of Charlotte – could suffer a massacre that would have reverberated across the region and stained the conscience of the world.† President Obama makes a rational decision for the safety of the Libyan people and the American peoples trust, with the UN backing his decision. On the other hand, George Bush sent troops into Iraq to look for weapons of mass destruction without the permission of the UN; I believe he sent troops in after the twin towers were dropped as a form of retaliation on Iraq. George Bush states in his speech, â€Å"Our nation enters this conflict reluctantly, yet our purpose is sure. The people of the United States and our friends and allies will not live at the mercy of an outlaw regime that threatens the peace with weapons of mass murder†. How was he sure of the weapons of mass destruction? My answer is he was not; he had no evidence of such. This is a perfect example on how our country has wasted so much money on war. Should we waste more on Libya? No we shouldn’t with the war on Iraq comes trillions of American dollars fighting for a false cause and murder of American soldiers still. In the words of Joe miller â€Å"The ISG report was sufficient to convince the Bush administration that there were no WMDs (Weapons of MassShow MoreRelatedOffshoring: The Future Of Our Economy Essay1464 Words   |  6 PagesOutsourcing jobs to foreign countries or offshoring is often viewed as the demise of the American economy. A more accurate view of offshoring is that it is the groundwork for the future of our economy. By enabling businesses to conserve costs, grow and have access to a large untapped pool of talent, offshoring is essentially securing the stability of our economy by securing the vitality of our businesses. In order to remain or become competitive in todays economy, US based companies must outsourceRead MoreJohn Maynard Keynes : Multiplier Effect1603 Words   |  7 Pagesto hurt us more than h elp us? Richard Kahn and John Maynard Keynes became acquainted with one another while attending Cambridge to discuss questions like these. Keynes analyzed Kahn’s multiplier effect to determine his own opinion and derivation of the multiplier effect. Today, Keynes takes most of the credit for the ideas originally brought forth by Kahn because they tend to be more accurate. In the United States, we have recently seen how Keynes’ ideas have been used to pull the country out of recessionsRead MoreWhat s A True Hero?856 Words   |  4 PagesWhat s a True Hero is? A true hero is someone with courage and bravely to go beyond in order to help someone, because as a child to an adult it’s a very different view point and Joseph Campbell help us understand what it takes to be a true hero. For many years, many people have used the word hero for many situations that doesn t particularly consider being a hero. If we Google the definition for the word hero; A man of distinguished courage or ability, admired for his brave deeds and noble qualitiesRead MoreHow Does Energy Affect Our Safety Through Our National Security?1493 Words   |  6 Pagesbeing on my own for the first time brought to my attention how expensive energy bills can be. I was determined to research a way to save on energy and cut down my bills. While looking through the solutions I came across an intriguing discovery. Over the years energy efficiency has become an epidemic, whether it affects global warming or protecting the environment, saving money or improving the economy; cons erving energy has a lot more to it than many people will ever know. Everything we do requiresRead MoreWomen Are More Than Men And Women1285 Words   |  6 Pagestrend observed in other age groups. Women are more likely than men to face poverty in old age (Figure 2). A lifetime of lower earnings due to wage discrimination, absence from the labor market due to childbirth and caregiving, and jobs that are less likely to have employer-sponsored retirement plans all take their toll. (p. 4). If benefits are decreased, this will be difficult for women, but even more difficult for low-income seniors who already struggle financially. Those who do not have personalRead More Outsourcing American Jobs Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesOutsourcing American Jobs Outsourcing, no word in todays workforce is so loved or hated. Depending on who you are it is the greatest thing ever or an evil act by money hungry businesses at the expense of American workers. But what is the truth? Is it good? Is it bad? Is it both? Perhaps more importantly, what is it exactly? Many people think that outsourcing is jobs that were held in this country going somewhere else. That is not entirely accurate. Outsourcing is actually one company paying anotherRead MoreAdvances in Technology Essay1455 Words   |  6 Pages| Advances in Technology This world goes through a lot of changes as time goes on. Changes in technology can make a brighter future for individuals. Because of advances in technology, this world is becoming more efficient and saving us money in the long-run with fuel, electricity, communication, etc. The social lifestyle of an individual involves technology in some way. Technology has become a necessity in these modern days and it is going to become more advanced as time goes onRead MorePeter Singer Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagessimple question of whether they would save a drowning child from a pond, while wearing they’re bran new pair of expensive shoes. The response was aggressive and passive â€Å"How could anyone consider a pair of shoes, or missing an hour or two at work, a good reason for not saving a child’s life?†  ¹ Singer continued to argue that â€Å" according to UNICEF, nearly 10 million children under five years old die each year from causes related to poverty.â €   ² Is not saving a child drowning in a pond right in frontRead MoreEssay Is Enough Being Done to Preserve Languages?1229 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversity for the Earth. In the present this balance has been broken and most of indigenous languages tend to disappear. Although worldwide scientists do not spare efforts to stop this extinction, there is a debate whether it is sufficient to do for saving extinct languages or not. Some experts suggest that some positive trends have emerged in linguistic field which can alleviate the grave situation such as master-apprentices program and large-scale documental projects. However, many scientists assertRead MoreThe Importance Of Marketing In The Saudi Arabia Market1372 Words   |  6 Pagesadvertise for it in the Saudi Arabia market. Just before getting started, I want to welcome special guests from Saudi Arabia; a dear country, who are participating in this gathering. It is not a surprise from business men who were born in a country that thrives for innovation and advancement, to cross the ocean and bare the fatigue of this long travel to be with us today. Thanks for your presence. Saudi Arabia is illustrious for its remarkable oil production. â€Å"Over the last decade, the Kingdom witnesses

The practises, beliefs and values of Christianity and...

The practises, beliefs and values of Christianity and Islam have an impact on Australia society; however, the media exploits the perceived tension between the two groups which has led to discrimination and violence. Over many years the way of which an individual lives their life has been shown to be affected by the religion of which they follow. This affects the way of life throughout the community surrounding these people, as well as having an impact on the social issues throughout this particular community. Christianity has a huge impact throughout Australia, this includes through schools, dress codes, the way of which people live in their day to day lives. Christianity has always been a highly popular religion throughout Australia as†¦show more content†¦This defining change in the education system over the last 20 years, has been due to the modification of the Christian schools throughout Australia (ABC, 2010). This has an influence on the culture of Australia as it mean s that this percentage of students have a background of which religion was required throughout their life, therefore the students learn Christian morals and values. This may shape the way they live their adult lives in terms of who they vote for, and how they spend their money as well as the fact that it means that they know the background of Christianity, having an impact on them and society. Christianity also has a major effect on the laws throughout Australia, for example a variety of laws have been made in relation to the Ten Commandments. Similarities are found between the commandments which state that one should not kill, steal or bear false witness, and the laws written about them. The parliament of Australia is majorly influenced by Christianity as the original government was made up of the English settlers who all had a Church of England or Christian background. This then shaped parliament into having a Christian background. Parliament is also affected depending on the fait h of the leader, for example we have had five Christian Prime Ministers, John Howard being one of them. Howard quoted in

Icarian Dreams free essay sample

â€Å"The boy began to delight in his daring flight, and abandoning his guide, drawn by desire for the heavens, soared higher.† Daedalus and Icarus, a famous Greek myth, tells the tale of a captive inventor (Daedalus) and his son (Icarus), who with makeshift wings, attempt to flee their prison. Icarus, driven by inspiration, flies towards the Sun. His wax wings melt, and he plummets to his death. At its core, the tale is about a boy who meets his downfall in a brief, hopeful attempt to grasp the heavens. People laugh, but I have always found a certain charm in Icarus’s flight. Passion drove Icarus; I too am driven by my passion. Be it a love of art, film, or the world around me, I can’t help but be invested in something greater than myself. For example, last summer, I boarded a plane alone to attend a science program in Georgia. We will write a custom essay sample on Icarian Dreams or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I helped conduct a sea-level study which is of global significance. The unfamiliarity with research was intimidating, but something about the trip sparked a pioneering spirit in me. I thrive on the unknown and my trip was full of variables: new faces, new lodgings, new ideas, new experiences. The thrill of learning consumed me. The stagnant air poured into the marsh, encroaching on my lungs. The Sun blazed. Work was intense. But, I never complained because the research was a chance to learn. The chance to learn is an ideal that I value pursuing. I always work to pursue my ideals. Like Icarus, I am an idealist. I don’t stress over details. Rather than worry about a â€Å"perfect† GPA, I try to learn in all areas of life: art, literature, academia, etc. If given the choice between doing a small homework assignment (to move an A- to an A) or rehearsing my lines for a play, I run lines. My priorities don’t lie in being a model student. School is just one pursuit of knowledge, and thus sometimes can be a secondary concern. I follow my passions. Passion leads me down many paths. Passion for theatre drove me to play the lead in a recent play. Love of art encouraged me to take up painting. An attraction to cinema drove me to lead my school’s Film Club. Working towards my passions is my most important asset. I pour my life into these pursuits. I always have a new, exciting idea to tell my peers about. I define myself by my zeal, and nothing summons more of my zeal than cycling. Tragically, many reduce cycling to miles, to calories, to hours. Useless figures for useless excursions. To me, cycling is freedom- the empowerment of movement, the interaction between man and nature, cycling offers a means to know the world around. The cyclist, self-liberated, is like Icarus. When cycling, I feel completely in tune with my surroundings. I am a part of something greater, appreciating the boundless world around me. I am Icarus: a pioneer, an idealist, a man driven by passion. I have found a vessel for freedom. I fly across endless stretches of curvy road, vault over rugged peaks, and soar down steep slopes. This summer, I plan to bike across the United States, seamlessly floating between forest, mountain, and plain. The days will be arduous, but every night, I will sleep knowing that I have truly lived. Icarus, like the explorers of centuries ago, was driven by a desire to push himself farther and farther in a lunge for greatness. For this, I have lived. For this, I live. For this, I will always live.

The Story Of An Hour Essays (641 words) - English Given Names

The Story Of An Hour By: Kate Chopin The story of an Hour, written by Kate Chopin, takes place in the nineteen hundreds. The story first takes place in the Mallard Household, with Josephine, Richards, and Louise. The setting is quickly taken away to a Newspaper office where Richard, a friend of Louise's husband hears of the death of Brently Mallard. The Author, Kate Chopin, sets us up for a gloomy story by informing us of a heart problem that our main character Louise has, setting us up to expect the worst. Kate then lightens the mood of our story by vividly describing the way Louise feels. But to only take this feeling of victory and excitement from us with a shocking twist. In the following paragraphs, I will evaluate the meaning of Kate Chopin's story and scene settings. Kate Chopin writes about a Wife who feels trap in her own marriage. Controlled by her husband, unable to live for herself. The author begs's with the death of Brently Mallard, by having Josephine, Louise Mallard's sister, break news to Louise gently as not to upset her. Kate brings us upstairs to Louise's bedroom as if entering the mind of our main character. The scene is described through a window, like peering into the soul. Kate then prepares us for a new beginning by setting us in spring. A season that brings new life, and a fresh start. The rain signifies clarity. The patchy skies demonstrate openings. Such as the feelings creeping upon Louise. Opening her up to something new. Spring is also the representation of Louise's new look on life. As the physical exhaustion releases her and she now feels free to a fresh start. Even as she looks to the future of her husband's memorial service, she still welcomes the overcome that awaits her with open arms . As Kate Chopin goes on to explain the new found feeling of freedom that Louise has found, she reiterates Louise's heart problem by her sister's concern for her wellbeing. As Louise leaves the room, the author explains Louise's feelings by describing her demeanor as a "Goddess of Victory". As if our main character has overcome a battle between previous sorrows and come out victorious with a new lease on life. As Louise descends the stairs, it is us leaving the visual sight into her mind. As she descends, leaving the height of her enjoyment, Louise is faced by a shocking site of Brently . As soon as us, the reader has just been shocked ourselves by the appearance of the now living Mr. Mallard, is it too late. Kate Chopin started us off in the begging with knowledge of Louise's heart troubles and then reiterated them before she left the room. This leads us to already know the ending as soon as Brently walked through the door. The doctors claimed she died from a "Heart disease - of Joy that Kills.", but thanks to Kate allowing us into the mind of our main character, we all know the true reason for her death. Louise Mallard's death was due to the sudden feeling of entrapment and physical exhaustion dropped upon her so suddenly, that it was too much for her heart to handle. In conclusion to my interpretation of, The Story Of An Hour. Kate Chopin describes both her setting and the mind set of her characters though Spring , as a season that is filled with new life. Kate describes the washing away of Louise's exhaustion by hinting at the smell of rain. A natural force that cleanses, and washes away her sorrows. Kate uses the room as the mind of Louise, by entering up to the mind by stair. Only to exit the mind, by descending the stairs, right to her death. Ending the story where it had originally begun.

The Evolution of American Isolationism

The Evolution of American Isolationism â€Å"Isolationism† is a government policy or doctrine of taking no role in the affairs of other nations. A government’s policy of isolationism, which that government may or may not officially acknowledge, is characterized by a reluctance or refusal to enter into treaties, alliances, trade commitments, or other international agreements. Supporters of isolationism, known as â€Å"isolationists,† argue that it allows the nation to devote all of its resources and efforts to its own advancement by remaining at peace and avoiding binding responsibilities to other nations. American Isolationism While it has been practiced to some degree in U.S. foreign policy since before the War for Independence, isolationism in the United States has never been about a total avoidance of the rest of the world. Only a handful of American isolationists advocated the complete removal of the nation from the world stage. Instead, most American isolationists have pushed for the avoidance of the nation’s involvement in what Thomas Jefferson called â€Å"entangling alliances.† Instead, U.S. isolationists have held that America could and should use its wide-ranging influence and economic strength to encourage the ideals of freedom and democracy in other nations by means of negotiation rather than warfare. Isolationism refers to Americas longstanding reluctance to become involved in European alliances and wars. Isolationists held the view that Americas perspective on the world was different from that of European societies and that America could advance the cause of freedom and democracy by means other than war. American Isolationism Born in the Colonial Period Isolationist feelings in America dates back to the colonial period. The last thing many American colonists wanted was any continued involvement with the European governments that had denied them religious and economic freedom and kept them enmeshed in wars. Indeed, they took comfort in the fact that they were now effectively â€Å"isolated† from Europe by the vastness of the Atlantic Ocean. Despite an eventual alliance with France during the War for Independence, the basis of American isolationism can is found in Thomas Paine’s famed paper Common Sense, published in 1776. Paine’s impassioned arguments against foreign alliances drove the delegates to the Continental Congress to oppose the alliance with France until it became obvious that the revolution would be lost without it.   Twenty years and an independent nation later, President George Washington memorably spelled out the intent of American isolationism in his Farewell Address: â€Å"The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible. Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none, or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies the causes of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the ordinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities.† Washington’s opinions of isolationism were widely accepted. As a result of his Neutrality Proclamation of 1793, the U.S. dissolved its alliance with France. And in 1801, the nation’s third president, Thomas Jefferson, in his inaugural address, summed up American isolationism as a doctrine of peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   The 19th Century: The Decline of US Isolationism Through the first half of the 19th century, America managed to maintain its political isolation despite its rapid industrial and economic growth and status as a world power. Historians again suggest that the nation’s geographical isolation from Europe continued to allow the U.S. to avoid the â€Å"entangling alliances† feared by the Founding Fathers. Without abandoning its policy of limited isolationism, the United States expanded its own borders from coast-to-coast and began creating territorial empires in the Pacific and the  Caribbean during the 1800s. Without forming binding alliances with Europe or any of the nations involved, the U.S. fought three wars: the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Spanish-American War. In 1823, the Monroe Doctrine boldly declared that the United States would consider the colonization of any independent nation in North or South America by a European nation to be an act of war. In delivering the historic decree, President James Monroe voiced the isolationist view, stating, â€Å"In the wars of the European powers, in matters relating to themselves, we have never taken part, nor does it comport with our policy, so to do.† But by the mid-1800s, a combination of world events began to test the resolve of American isolationists: The expansion of the German and Japanese military industrial empires that would eventually immerse the United States in two world wars had begun.Though short-lived, the occupation of the Philippines by the United States during the Spanish-American war had inserted American interests into the Western Pacific islands - an area generally considered to be part of Japan’s sphere of influence.Steamships, undersea communications cables, and radio enhanced America’s stature in world trade, but at the same time, brought her closer to her potential enemies. Within the United States itself, as industrialized mega-cities grew, small-town rural America - long the source of isolationist feelings - shrank. The 20th Century: The End of US Isolationism   World War I (1914 to 1919) Though actual battle never touched her shores, America’s participation in World War I marked the nation’s first departure from its historic isolationist policy. During the conflict, the United States entered into binding alliances with the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Belgium, and Serbia to oppose the Central Powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire. However, after the war, the United States returned to its isolationist roots by immediately ending all of its war-related European commitments. Against the recommendation of President Woodrow Wilson, the U.S. Senate rejected the war-ending Treaty of Versailles, because it would have required the U.S. to join the League of Nations. As America struggled through the Great Depression from 1929 to 1941, the nation’s foreign affairs took a back seat to economic survival. To protect U.S. manufacturers from foreign competition, the government imposed high tariffs on imported goods. World War I also brought an end to America’s historically open attitude toward immigration. Between the pre-war years of 1900 and 1920, the nation had admitted over 14.5 million immigrants. After the passage of the Immigration Act of 1917, fewer than 150,000 new immigrants had been allowed to enter the U.S. by 1929. The law restricted the immigration of â€Å"undesirables† from other countries, including â€Å"idiots, imbeciles, epileptics, alcoholics, poor, criminals, beggars, any person suffering attacks of insanity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  World War II (1939 to 1945) While avoiding the conflict until 1941, World War II marked a turning point for American isolationism. As Germany and Italy swept through Europe and North Africa, and Japan began taking over Eastern Asia, many Americans started to fear that the Axis powers might invade the Western Hemisphere next. By the end of 1940, American public opinion had started to shift in favor of using U.S. military forces to help defeat the Axis.   Still, nearly one million Americans supported the America First Committee, organized in 1940 to oppose the nation’s involvement in the war. Despite pressure from isolationists, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proceeded with his administration’s plans to assist the nations targeted by the Axis in ways not requiring direct military intervention. Even in the face of Axis successes, a majority of Americans continued to oppose actual U.S. military intervention. That all changed on the morning of December 7, 1941, when naval forces of Japan launched a sneak attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. On December 8, 1941, America declared war on Japan. Two days later, the America First Committee disbanded.   After World War II, the United States helped establish and became a charter member of the United Nations in October 1945. At the same time, the emerging threat posed by Russia under Joseph Stalin and the specter of communism that would soon result in the Cold War effectively lowered the curtain on the golden age of American isolationism. War on Terror: A Rebirth of Isolationism? While the terrorist attacks of Sept 11, 2001, initially spawned a spirit of nationalism unseen in America since World War II, the ensuing War on Terror may have resulted in the return  of American isolationism. Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq claimed thousands of American lives. At home, Americans fretted through a slow and fragile recovery from a Great Recession many economists compared to the Great Depression of 1929. Suffering from war abroad and a failing economy at home, America found itself in a situation very much like that of the late  1940s when isolationist feelings prevailed. Now as the threat of another war in Syria looms, a growing number of Americans, including some policymakers, are questioning the wisdom of further U.S. involvement. â€Å"We are not the world’s policeman, nor its judge and jury,† stated U.S. Rep. Alan Grayson (D-Florida) joining a bipartisan group of lawmakers arguing against U.S. military intervention in Syria. â€Å"Our own needs in America are great, and they come first.† In his first major speech after winning the 2016 presidential election, President-Elect Donald Trump expressed the isolationist ideology that became one of his campaign slogans - â€Å"America first.† â€Å"There is no global anthem, no global currency, no certificate of global citizenship,† Mr. Trump  said on December 1, 2016. â€Å"We pledge allegiance to one flag, and that flag is the American flag. From now on, its going to be America first. In their words, Rep. Grayson, a progressive Democrat, and President-Elect Trump, a conservative Republican, may have announced the rebirth of American isolationism.

Lee v. Weisman (1992) - Prayers at School Graduation

Lee v. Weisman (1992) - Prayers at School Graduation How far can a school go when it comes to accommodating the religious beliefs of students and parents? Many schools have traditionally had someone offer prayers at important school events like graduations, but critics argue that such prayers violate the separation of church and state because they mean that the government is endorsing particular religious beliefs. Fast Facts: Lee v. Weisman Case Argued: November 6, 1991Decision Issued:Â  June 24, 1992Petitioner: Robert E. LeeRespondent: Daniel WeismanKey Question: Did letting a religious officiant offer a prayer during an official public school ceremony violate the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment?Majority Decision: Justices Blackmun, O’Connor, Stevens, Kennedy, and SouterDissenting: Justices Rehnquist, White, Scalia, and ThomasRuling: Since the graduation was state-sponsored, the prayer was deemed in violation of the Establishment Clause. Background Information Nathan Bishop Middle School in Providence, RI, traditionally invited clergy to offer prayers at graduation ceremonies. Deborah Weisman and her father, Daniel, both of whom were Jewish, challenged the policy and filed suit in court, arguing that the school had turned itself into a house of worship after a rabbis benediction. At the disputed graduation, the rabbi thanked for: ...the legacy of America where diversity is celebrated...O God, we are grateful for the learning which we have celebrated on this joyous commencement...we give thanks to you, Lord, for keeping us alive, sustaining us and allowing us to reach this special, happy occasion. With help from the Bush administration, the school board argued that the prayer was not an endorsement of religion or of any religious doctrines. The Weismans were supported by the ACLU and other groups interested in religious freedom. Both the district and appellate courts agreed with the Weismans and found the practice of offering prayers unconstitutional. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court where the administration asked it to overturn the three-prong test created in Lemon v. Kurtzman. Court Decision Arguments were made on November 6th, 1991. On June 24th 1992, the Supreme Court ruled 5-4 that prayers during school graduation violate the Establishment Clause. Writing for the majority, Justice Kennedy found that officially sanctioned prayers in public schools were so clearly a violation that the case could be decided without relying upon the Courts earlier church/separation precedents, thus avoiding questions about the Lemon Test entirely. According to Kennedy, the governments involvement in religious exercises at graduation is pervasive and unavoidable. The state creates both public and peer pressure on students to rise for and remain silent during prayers. State officials not only determine that an invocation and benediction should be given, but also select the religious participant and provide guidelines for the content of the nonsectarian prayers. The Court viewed this extensive state participation as coercive in the elementary and secondary school settings. The state in effect required participation in a religious exercise, since the option of not attending one of lifes most significant occasions was no real choice. At a minimum, the Court concluded, the Establishment Clause guarantees that government may not coerce anyone to support or participate in religion or its exercise. What to most believers may seem nothing more than a reasonable request that the nonbeliever respect their religious practices, in a school context may appear to the nonbeliever or dissenter to be an attempt to employ the machinery of the State to enforce a religious orthodoxy. Although a person could stand for the prayer merely as a sign of respect for others, such an action could justifiably be interpreted as accepting the message. The control held by teachers and principals over the students actions forces those graduating to submit to the standards of behavior. This is sometimes referred to as the Coercion Test. Graduation prayers fail this test because they put impermissible pressure on students to participate in, or at least show respect for, the prayer. In a dictum, Justice Kennedy wrote about the importance of the separating church and state: The First Amendments Religion Clauses mean that religious beliefs and religious expression are too precious to be either proscribed or prescribed by the State. The design of the Constitution is that preservation and transmission of religious beliefs and worship is a responsibility and a choice committed to the private sphere, which itself is promised freedom to pursue that mission. [...] A state-created orthodoxy puts at grave risk that freedom of belief and conscience which are the sole assurance that religious faith is real, not imposed. In a sarcastic and scathing dissent, Justice Scalia said that prayer is a common and accepted practice of bringing people together and the government should be allowed to promote it. The fact that prayers can cause division for those who disagree with or are even offended by the content simply wasnt relevant, as far as he was concerned. He also didnt bother to explain how sectarian prayers from one religion could unify people of many different religions, never mind people with no religion at all. Significance This decision failed to reverse the standards established by the Court in Lemon. Instead, this ruling extended the prohibition of school prayer to graduation ceremonies and refused to accept the idea that a student would not be harmed by standing during the prayer without sharing the message contained in the prayer.

IgG deficiency Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IgG deficiency - Case Study Example IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses have antibodies that act on protein antigens and therefore inhibit roles of the antigens. Antibodies of IgG2 and IgG4, however, acts on antigens of â€Å"carbohydrates and polysaccharide† to impair functions of the antigens (Porth, 2011, p. 361). Defficiency of IgG2 leads to â€Å"sinusitis, otitis media, and pneumonia† that arise from bacteria that are embedded in polysaccharides. Examples of such bacteria are â€Å"S. pneumonia, H. influenza type b, and N. meningitidis† (p. 361). McMillan, Feigin, DeAngelis, & Jones (2006), however, argue that IgG4, unlike the other subclasses, do not have a binding effect that leads to cytotoxicity. No cause of IgG has been identified but genetics is suspected o play a significant role. Parents transfer genes to their children and the genes are responsible for protein development in the body of the offspring. Transferred defective gene is likely to imply defective development of elements of cells that relate to that gene and this suggest high susceptibility of IgG deficiency for people whose parents have the complication (Johns Hopkins University, n.d.). There is no treatment for IgG deficiency but management approaches exist. the approaches target specific infection that arise from the deficiency and not the deficiency. Some of the management approaches, according to The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), are vaccine against pneumonia and other live vaccines. â€Å"OPV2, BCG, yellow fever,† vaccines are however contraindicated. The recommended vaccines reduce susceptibility to the infections and therefore undermine pathophyliology of IgG deficiency (n.p. ). While these aim at preventing occurrence of associated complication, treatment of the complication is an alternative measure to managing IgG deficiency. Infections such as allergies may reoccur and require constant antibiotic medication. In extreme cases, however, direct